Geotechnical Failure

Tobacco Industry Csr Malaysia Essay Example

Tobacco Industry Csr Malaysia Essay Example Tobacco Industry Csr Malaysia Essay Tobacco Industry Csr Malaysia Essay 1. 0 INTRODUCTION Major tobacco firms in Malaysia have begun investing aggressively Corporate Social Responsibility activities to build a positive public image and brand activities via large contributions into social programs nationwide, and to be recognised as contributors to the greater common good. Although CSR is considered as a corporate entity along standards of business ethics, tobacco industry philanthropic activities encounter much criticism and threat of a comprehensive ban on CSR atop present legislations for Tobacco Advertising, Promotion Sponsorship worldwide. Many concerns have been raised over the practice; alleging that the motives behind tobacco industry CSR are to manipulate public perception of responsible marketing practices and gain favourable position for the individual firms in Malaysia. 2. 0 CSR AND ITS STRATEGIC ADVANTAGES Holme and Watts define CSR as an ongoing pledge by corporations to conduct themselves in an ethical manner and contribute to economic growth while developing the quality of workforce livelihood and their families, and the overall local community and societies. CSR programs were developed to answer public urges for corporations to advocate ethical, environmental, health and labour regulations. The Sustainability Entrepreneurship Model by Young and Tilley, as shown in Appendix I, comprises of six decisive factors: eco-efficiency, socio-efficiency, eco-effectiveness, socio-effectiveness and sufficiency and ecological equity; for corporate sustainability which adds to the business’s social responsibilities and enhances its effectiveness, bringing higher cost savings and better profit margins. 8% of consumers said they were more likely to purchase from companies that engages in initiatives to develop society. 3. 0 TOBACCO INDUSTRY AND TOBACCO USE IN MALAYSIA Malaysia is a major cigarette-manufacturing showpiece for tobacco transnational corporations operating in the South East Asian region. Among 92 sectors, the tobacco industry ranks 5th with an economic output totaling to RM11. 7 billion or 3% of Malaysia’s GDP. The tobacco indu stry in Malaysia comprises of large corporations such as British American Tobacco, market share 68%; Japan Tobacco Inc. 17. 7%; and Philip Morris International, 15. 3%. The industry considers itself a vital contributor in developing Malaysia’s socio-economic condition of the rural population. Tobacco is Malaysia’s most largely cultivated non-food crop, with 12,148 hectares and 1,200 hectares of land solely for tobacco cultivation in Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia respectively. The industry’s activities range from tobacco leaf cultivation and curing, tobacco production to marketing and distribution. Records show that more than 190,000 people are employed in the industry, and 120,000 people involved in tobacco farming and curing. Smoking statistics show that 10,000 Malaysians succumb to smoking-related ailments annually, making it the top killers in the country since the 1980s. According to Global Adult Tobacco Survey based in Malaysia, 23. 1% or 4. 75 million adults currently smoke, 43. 9% (4. 64 million) being men and 1. 0% (0. 10 million) women. The study also suggested that the expenditure on manufactures cigarettes cover 3. % of the GDP in 2011, its data showing present smokers using an average of RM 178. 80 monthly on manufactured cigarettes. 4. 0 PRACTICE OF TOBACCO INDUSTRY CSR IN MALAYSIA The industry engages CSR in various methods to achieve maximum public exposure and influence. The common approach of tobacco industry CSR is corporate philanthropy in which the firms provide monetary aids in areas such as culture and arts, education, shelter, social welfare and the envi ronment. In addition, they offer support to government policies and sponsorship of events such as youth smoking prevention programs. Several firms have even established charitable foundations to fund their initiatives, such as the British American Tobacco Foundation which was set up with the aim to obtain and manage funds for education, scientific and other charitable purposes. In conjunction with National Kenaf and Tobacco Board, the foundation has rewarded over 2,000 recipients RM 1. 1 million since its initiation in 2002. Formation of alliances between tobacco firms with non-governmental organizations exist as well. Yayasan Salam Malaysia is a long-term NGO partner of Philip Morris since 2006, both supporting a variety of CSR programs concerning poverty and society’s wellbeing. Their annual partnership had revolved around building information and communication technology (ICT) centres in rural places and providing financial aids for the underprivileged. BAT is also the first local tobacco company to publish Social Reports since 2001; these reports highlighting the firms CSR activities conducted year-round, looking forward to aligning itself with other businesses that conduct CSR activities. The company had received the Malaysian Sustainability Reporting Award from the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants for BAT’s efforts in cancer research. 5. 0 CRITICISMS TOWARD TOBACCO INDUSTRY CSR The tobacco industry is one of the most criticised members of the modern business community. Several disputes have arisen worldwide declaring that tobacco industry products are lethal to their consumers, and the CSR activities will be unable to resolve the fundamental contradiction with ethical corporate citizenship. WHO defines tobacco industry tactics utilizing CSR as a tool â€Å"to promote voluntary measures as an effective way to address tobacco control and create an illusion of being a ‘changed’ company and to establish partnerships with health interests. † These charitable campaigns purposefully influence the perception among youths and adults that the tobacco industry is deceitful and guilty for advocating smoking among youths and adults. Tobacco companies’ internal documents have revealed the motives behind industry-sponsored programs, aimed to increase profits and stimulate company investments. It is alleged that by conducting CSR, tobacco firms aim to build favourable views regarding the industry and tobacco issues by demonstrating their responsibility and concern about the wellbeing of consumers and stakeholders. Another tobacco industry goal is to achieve political influence with the intention of obstruct government efforts to regulate tobacco control, as evident in Malaysia. These CSR initiatives also pose as protection against litigations or lawsuits. The sponsorship of tobacco firms in youth anti-smoking campaigns is claimed to be a scheme to access youths for market research, to normalise brands and to avert success of anti-tobacco campaigns. A report by the British Medical Association stated that tobacco industry CSR as a form of marketing for firms, and as such it should be prohibited under the terms of Article 13 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which calls for Parties to impose a full ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and advertising, including CSR. CSR functions in favour of the industry by creating goodwill with lawmakers and the public, crushing bad publicity for its lethal goods, and resolving conflict from tobacco control advocates. The tobacco-caused death and disease suffered by societies and families contradict the advantages of charity or sponsorship for social interests. Tobacco consumption offers zero merits to the underprivileged, and any financial aid offered by tobacco firms accountable for smoking-related ailments and financial woes of the nation fails to relieve poverty, environmental, or health problems. . 0 POLITICAL ECONOMY AND CONTROL OF TOBACCO IN MALAYSIA Advocacy for tobacco control in Malaysia had begun in the 1970s, with gradual growing initiatives to institute specific legislations to regulate tobacco manufacturing and consumption. Compliant to the FCTC, Malaysia enacts legislation compliant with the FCTC by providing extensive regulation and banning of advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Presently, Malaysia allows tobacco industry CSR, and it has been abused by the industry as a strategic tool to change its public image. Measures to undertake the Malaysian smoking epidemic is inconsistent – from one point of view, the cost of lives and health interests; while the other, the critical consequences of tobacco control on tobacco farmers and alleviating poverty. The Malaysian government is an active shareholder and advocate of tobacco. They are major partners in two of Malaysia’s largest tobacco corporations with direct financial interests in the industry. Major shareholders of BAT and JTI include statutory bodies such as the Skim Amanah Saham Bumiputera, Employees Provident Fund, and Amanah Saham Malaysia, demonstrating the Malaysian state controlled ownership of shares in the tobacco industry. A large number of Bumiputeras partake in tobacco cultivation with Bumiputera partners being of key importance in the ownership of tobacco firms. Corresponding to the government policy to promote foreign investment, BAT, Philip Morris, and R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company have set up their subsidiaries and established manufacturing facilities within the country. 7. 0 CONCLUSION In averting the overall poor public image, weak knowledge regarding individual tobacco firms, and more litigations and restraints, the tobacco industry CSR activities are meant to improve public perception of the industry. CSR activities by tobacco firms purposefully highlight their philanthropic contributions to the society and also promote youth smoking prevention programs. As long as there is absence of major restraints and public criticism, the tobacco industry will continue to operate unreservedly, utilising CSR to promote its â€Å"responsible† marketing practices and to receive favorable ratings for individual firms within the country. The tobacco industry’s public relation efforts may possibly influence Malaysian audiences to develop further resistance against the objections faced by the industry, alleviate jurors’ negative scrutiny toward the industry, and thus deteriorating public or legislative support for tobacco control policies in Malaysia.

Auditing Maintenance Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Auditing Maintenance Systems - Essay Example This report contains the description of the steps that were done in the process of maintenance auditing of the plant. It also provides recommendations to increase the output of the plant. The main objective of conducting this audit is to identify and then eliminate the reasons behind the downtime of the plant activities in order to acquire further improvements in performance of the plants. This study is primarily concerned with the evaluation of the cause behind the low income and the low productivity from the H-Acid plant. It includes an assessment of all vital elements of operation, maintenance and production activities as commencing at H-Acid chemical plant which further encompasses minor installations, statutory inspections, management of the work force and other practices. Interviews were taken from all the involved persons who include Plant Manager, Plant Engineer, Planner, Supervisor, Buyer, Operator and Electrician. The study took into consideration all the 14 stages involved in the manufacturing of the final product that is the H-Acid. This study also focuses on the quality of the parts used in the chemical plant. It also highlights the toxic and flammable na ture of the chemicals used in the plant which have caused severe injuries and accidents. Various personnel including Plant Manager, Plant Engineer, Planner, Supervisor, Buyer, Operator and Electrician who are involved in the chemical plant were interviewed in order to assess their point of views on the current output, problems faced by them in carrying out their work, etc.

Interethnic Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina Research Paper

Interethnic Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Research Paper Example The Bosniacs mainly belongs to the Islamic religion, while the Serbs belong to the Orthodox tradition. The Croats, on the other hand, are affiliated to the Roma Catholic. This has seen the three ethnic communities engage each other in one of the worst ethnic violence that took place from 1992 to 1995. The war has been regarded as the worst ethnic violence ever witnessed in Europe since the end of World War II. Latest figures indicate that an estimated 100,000 people out of the country’s 4.4 million people were mercilessly killed in the war and left thousands other injured2. The massacre received wide condemnation from the international community as the war spread throughout Bosnia. The report indicates that Srebrenica was the epicenter of this ethnic violence where an estimated 70,000 Bosniac boys and men were massacred by the Serbian forces. Due to the magnitude and the number of people who died in the war, the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hagu e terms the massacre an act of genocide. The report indicates that the ethnic cleansing resulted in the displacement of more than two million people. The World Bank report more than 60% houses in Bosnia and Herzegovina and more than 50% of schools were destroyed3.     Bosnia and Herzegovina are ethnically diverse states. The dominant ethnic communities in the two states include the Bosniacs, Serbs, and Croats. These ethnic communities coexisted peacefully for a very long time even though they sometimes found themselves at odds with one another or with the government. However, the peaceful coexistence ended in 1992 when civil war broke out in among the three dominant communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina4. The war began following a disagreement between the three ethnic groups on the political future of the republic just soon after the extrication of Yugoslavia in 1991. Research indicates that the Croats and Muslims voted overwhelmingly in favor of the March 1992 referendum in support of the secession from the former Yugoslavia. This led to the session of the two countries resulting in the declaration of Serbia as an independent state. A report indicates that the minority ethnic group boycotted the election and staged protest throughout the coun try. This is because they wanted Bosnia and Yugoslavia to remain one single state. The protest also resulted in an ethnic violence, which left more than 100,000 people dead, in a war, which began in 1992 and ended in 1995. Of those who died, a majority estimated at about 80,000 was Bosniacs who belong to the Islamic religion.

Application of Nursing Theory to Practice Essay

Application of Nursing Theory to Practice - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to choose a middle range theory that may be applied to the predicament of high blood pressure. This paper will describe the theory, its application in research, its application to research, and an alternative theory that may guide practice in an identical situation. Description of Theory The self-regulation theory asserts that effectively accomplishing an intended behavior is a purpose of three fundamental self-regulatory phases that a person should take part in, they include; self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement. This model suggests that people are inspired to transform their behavior and have the capacity for self-direction and self-action, nonetheless, such action and direction requires the development of skills. The theory indicates that people realize self-regulation by utilizing a response sphere made up of incessant monitoring, assessing, and strengthening their behavior. This sphere takes place in all individuals. Nonetheless, the sphere may be maladaptive if liability is consented for negative behaviors but not for positive ones in the strengthening stage, standards are not attainable in the assessment stage, or if negative components are observed and positive components are not noticed in the mentoring stage. Self-regulation techniques assist people to be conscious of the phases and to make suitable alterations in monitoring, assessing, and reinforcing. Moreover, the self-regulation theory is found on assertions of the social learning theory which asserts that daily behavior is made up of related behavior reactions which are habitual and prompted by previous reactions. This is recognized as an automatic mode of cognitive processing. These automatic procedures do not... This essay approves that the social construction of suffering from high blood pressure deals with concerns such as the way the high blood pressure patients manages the way in which they divulge information concerning their condition and the lifestyle adjustments these patients will have to establish so as to deal with the high blood pressure. This report makes a conclusion that one of the most widespread manners theory has been systematized in practice is in the nursing course of examining appraisal information. Nevertheless, regardless of nursing theories, people in the nursing profession will persist to show a caring reaction to the troubled and sick. If this may be proven to be accurate, then it may be argued that nurses are carrying out their responsibilities without the acquaintance of theories and that theory is not relevant. Nonetheless, practice and theory are connected, and if nursing is to continue to advance, the notion of theory should be taken in hand. Also, if nursing theory is not able to promote the advancement of nursing, it will continue to progress in the path of different subjects, for example, medicine. Because of the varied nature of patients and nurses, it appears improbable that nursing will ever get to the prototype point. Consequently, it may be time that practice-based and academic nurses recogn ize that a single theory does not possess the capacity to explain the whole nursing phenomenon and its practices. Therefore, if theory is supposed to promote practice, it should be developed considerately with individuals who are involved in nursing.

The Effect Of Advanced Educational Tools English Language Essay

The Effect Of Advanced Educational Tools English Language Essay The report is about advanced education tools with learning skills of students. A smart phone which is an advanced education tool is helpless for student learning. The advanced education tools are the important caused of bad learning skills such as bad writing skill, reading skill and spelling skill and the report will point to the real caused. The aim of the report is finding the real caused for understanding the real problem of students learning. The problem is a chronic education problem that students cant read, write and spell. There are two details of advanced education tools that are tools and effects. The tools such as a smart phone, spell check tools, dictionary tools, thesauruses tools and word processing tools are a cause of worse learning. The effects such as short attention span, low scores, bad writing skill and solid writing skill cause by the advanced educational tools and internet. Although students have the benefit of advanced education tools on their computers and smart phones, their learning skills such as reading skill, writing skill and spelling skill are worse. The advanced education tools such as a smart phone is helpless for better scores. However, bad learning skills cause by improper used. Nowadays young peoples attention span has become increasingly shorter because they spend most of times on the internet and their electronic gadgets. On the other hand, however, their scores and learning skills wont be worse if they use the tools for real education. The effect of advanced educational tools short attention span Students use most of times with playing games on the internet, chatting on Face book and Twitter. Electronic gadget such as a smart phone is the best advanced educational tools. At the same time, the tool makes students have become short attention span to learn in a classroom because they use it in improper way. low score Although most students benefit from advanced education tools on their computers or smart phones, their scores arent better and it seems to be worse. The low score caused maybe comes from the students who dont care about their scores and learning, and sometimes it maybe comes from the teachers who dont concentrate on their students as well as they should. However students use the tools for real education, it wont have the problem. bad writing skill The most youngsters like to use many slang words. When they talk or communicate to other people, they will use a short word that it looks like their speaking identity. Moreover, they use the most times with chatting on the internet that it is a cause of the slang words used. The most writing for communication on the internet isnt proper syntax use that it becomes familiar and leads to bad writing skill. Solid writing skills Nowadays wring skill of a student is not more increasing or decrease than then because most students already use such technology as spell-check, internet, smart phone etc on a daily basis. Students pay attention to them more than interest in their lesson. When they are free in a class, they are more playing games and playing electronic gadgets than study and practice. This reason can explain why most students have solid wring skill. Wring skill of Asian is better than U.S. Its said that there is a learning strategy in Asia different from U.S. Asian English learning is often to study reading, writing and speaking which differ from American that allowed students to use spell-check, computer word processing tools and others. The Asian who more read and write so, they better wring skill than American. Cant read At present educational tools have been developed greatly. However, there are both advantages and disadvantages too. Cant read is one of the disadvantages that decreased reading skills of students. There are many causes for example students prefer to use Education tools instead of try to learn by themselves and low quality educational technique of teachers. How to solution? Students should read with a purpose, so focus on that purpose and the material. This simple technique helps students focus and increase their concentration and high score. Internet Meaning. Is the largest computer network in the world, which is caused by a variety of computer systems, networks, sub-networks together into a larger network. That two or more computers. Can communicate with each other via telephone lines, Cable or Satellite, etc. will exchange contact information. Or mechanical joint such as Printer or CD-Rom together, we call this the behavior of a computer network (Network), which has a number of computers on the network. And is connected to the world. Into a larger network. We call this the Internet itself. Advantage of the Internet. 1. Ability to communicate with others around the world. 2. Could not find any information as to sit in the library with a huge wealth of information from all over the world. 3. Compared to the Wests comment in a chat room and message boards is open wide and interesting vision. 4. Could track the movement of information quickly. 5. Opening trade on their own. Without the need to set up a shop or service. It can be made by myself alone. 6. Electronic mail (E-mail) sent a letter to request and receive mail within and outside the country. The message is the message. Send a greeting card to a different country. 7. Reading magazine and newspaper articles as well as our stories for free then buy the book to read. 8. Posting messages that others have posted to a tracker. Jobs. Announcement assistance. 9. A lot of available free from the Internet, such as images, music, TV programs, computer games. Disadvantage of the Internet. 1. The Internet is a large network with many people used the service. As a forum for open and free to anyone who writes. Or posted without moderation are good. The information obtained can not be sure that is true or not. 2. An infringement of copyright for a song to download. Collected or sold. It is a problem. Editing to become a famous pornographic images or corrupted. 3. Causing the crime. Because of the internet, such as the temptation to advance women in a bad way. The crime of rape. The porn site. 4. Creates problems for autistic youth at the site. Cause disease via the Internet. Cause harm to their social undertakings. The meaning of dictionary A dictionary (also called a wordbook, lexicon, or vocabulary) is a collection of words in one or more specific languages, often listed alphabetically (or by radical and stroke for ideographic languages), with usage information, definitions, etymologies, phonetics, pronunciations, and other information or a book of words in one language with their equivalents in another, also known as a lexicon. According to Nielsen (2008) a dictionary may be regarded as a lexicographical product that is characterized by three significant features: (1) it has been prepared for one or more functions; (2) it contains data that have been selected for the purpose of fulfilling those functions; and (3) its lexicographic structures link and establish relationships between the data so that they can meet the needs of users and fulfill the functions of the dictionary. Advantages of dictionary There are many definitions. Etymologies Phonetics Pronunciations Disadvantages of dictionary It is expensive for someone. Some words wrong definitions. There is a little vocabulary. The meaning of thesauruses A thesaurus is a reference work that lists words grouped together according to similarity of meaning (containing synonyms and sometimes antonyms), in contrast to a dictionary, which contains definitions and pronunciations. The largest thesaurus in the world is the Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary, which contains more than 920,000 entries. Advantages of thesauruses Containing synonyms Containing antonyms The meaning of word processing Word processing is the creation of documents using a word processor. It can also refer to advanced shorthand techniques, sometimes used in specialized contexts with a specially modified typewriter. Advantages of word processing 1. Most people can type faster than they can write 2. word-processed documents are always legible 3. Documents can easily be sending electronically 4. Can use certain features like hyperlinks 5. Spell /grammar check easy to erase and fix mistakes and edit text 6. It is easier to make changes to your document. You can move, change, delete, save, and format all your ideas in one handy file. 7. It frees you to express ideas more clearly and to let your thoughts flow because anything can be changed or deleted later. 8. It allows you to organize all your work or ideas together in a file. Instead of deleting paragraphs that do not seem to fit an assignment, you can move them to the end of the file where they can be used later or in another project. 9. It is easy to share and store word processing files electronically Disadvantages of word processing requires a computer (and electrical power) to write data can be lost by a computer malfunction requires a computer or printer to view document certain languages (esp. Asian languages) require hundreds of symbols not easily accessed on a keyboard symbols and equations are easier to write than create on a computer The meaning spell check Spell check (or spell check) is an application program that flags words in a document that may not be spelled correctly. Spell checkers may be stand-alone capable of operating on a block of text, or as part of a larger application, such as a word processor, email client, electronic dictionary, or search engine. Advantages of spell checks 1. Allows the ready checking of ones spelling, giving suggestions as to which word you may have meant to type. 2. Better word processors spell checkers also check for grammar and sentence structure. 3. It may tell you the voice of a given phrase / sentence / paragraph i.e. passive (tentative) voice you have possibly said if you hit him he may fall and hurt himself. instead of something like knock him to the ground and see him bleed. This can allow a document to the tightened up were needed to give a very concise paper. Disadvantages of spell checks 1. As most word processors only use an abridged dictionary many of the words one may use will not be in the dictionary already installed 2. Although by parsing the document the grammar can be checked, there is nothing to validate the semantics, i.e. whether it makes sense or not. 3. In many cases the voice of a document is of no consequence and feature just proves to be an annoyance Conclusion Although students have the benefit of advanced education tools on their computers and smart phones, their learning skills such as reading skill, writing skill and spelling skill are worse. The advanced education tools such as a smart phone is helpless for better scores. However, bad learning skills cause by improper used. Nowadays young peoples attention span has become increasingly shorter because they spend most times on the internet and their electronic gadgets. On the other hand, however, their scores and learning skills wont be worse if they use the tools for real education. Tak, Bow, Olef, Bim

Jousting :: Essays Papers

Jousting Depending on who you ask, there are many different things that come to people's minds when one hears the word, chivalry. Some might say: knights, castles, horses, damsels in distress, Knights in shinning armor.... i could go on and on. I think of all these things as well, but I also think of Jousting. In a time when courage, honor and integrity were valued jousting was not only a sport, but a way for knights to prove their skill and courage. When we think of a knight in shining armor, we almost automatically think of the grand joust. It's hard not to imagine the thunderous hoof beats and the roar of the crowd as two knights race towards each other in a test of skill and nerve. The joust grew from the chaotic melee of the tournaments that were always taking place. As more and more restrictions were put on man to man combat; a tournament was developed where men rode horses and carried lances. This dangerous form of combat, was an event designed to test the horsemanship and weapons skill of the individual knight. Jousting tournaments caught on quickly because it truly tested every aspect of a chivalric man. Not only did it test the skill a knight had with weapons, but it also tested his skill with of controlling and riding a horse. In a sense, a jousting match could prove or disprove a knights ability to be a truly chivalric knight. In the joust the knight used the lance, a weapon specifically designed for mounted combat. At first jousters would simply spur their horses towards one another, weapons ready, each attempting to knock each other off there horses. If a knight was knocked to the ground, his battle was as good as lost. For the mounted warrior could run him down, trample him with his horse, or spear him with his lance; all while out of reach of the land bound fighter. When the joust came to represent the horsemanship of the fighter, safeguards evolved. The lance was fitted with a three pronged tip called a coronal, which was designed to keep the weapon from penetrating a knights helm and to re-distribute the force of the impact. Also, armor was developed specifically for the joust.