A report on Agile and OOAD Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

A report on Agile and OOAD - Research Paper Example Rules for Combining Agile with different methodologies 9 VIII. Contextual investigation 10 IX. Suggestions and Challenges 10 X. Reference index 11 I. Presentation In the previous not many years, there have risen countless programming improvement practices and procedures. In this situation, light-footed programming improvement techniques have become a pattern in rapidly changing programming industry. Before, just the customary programming improvement procedure was the main strategy to create programming items. In any case, it was not strong for late changes and cycles. So as to manage the issues introduced in conventional programming advancement approaches there rose an extremely appealing programming improvement approach, known as deft programming advancement. Before long it turned into a standard programming improvement approach which got a lot of help of a wide range of specialists from the product business. At the present, most of programming improvement firms and programming engi neers know about dexterous programming advancement strategies. They use it entirely through the product improvement lifecycle. Fundamentally, spry programming improvement approach depends on certain standards which can be custom fitted as indicated by fluctuating necessities of programming ventures. This report will introduce a point by point investigation of coordinated programming improvement. ... In this situation, the term â€Å"agile† is utilized to uncover number of implications like that execute changes quickly, convey the finished item quickly and suit change every now and again. Considering the way that there are an enormous number of programming advancement draws near (for example Scrum, XP and some more) which go under the umbrella of coordinated programming improvement worldview and they vary in accentuation and practices, anyway they all follow similar standards which go under deft plan. In this situation, numerous specialists present the basic depiction of the light-footed statement. As indicated by analysts nimble system and its relatives depend on the accompanying standards (Kavitha and Thomas, 2011; Lucia and Qusef, 2010; Paetsch, 2003): Working programming application or an item ought to be conveyed as quickly and consistently as could be expected under the circumstances (it ought to be conveyed in days instead of weeks and in weeks instead of months) Wo rking programming application should give an understanding into the advancement of the general task Improving the consumer loyalty by giving them fast and normal arrival of actualized programming application. Dexterous programming improvement strategies are planned for supporting and obliging late changes entirely through the product advancement lifecycle. Truth be told, late changes in prerequisites are successfully obliged without effectsly affecting the general turn of events or task. Deft programming philosophies are intended to help successful joint effort, correspondence and close regularly participation between agents and designers in certainty among all the partners Agile programming improvement strategies are profoundly founded on

Overcoming Barriers to Change Free Essays

The exploration plans to recognize hindrances that exist in training while in transit to changing students’ learning situations in a positive manner. The writing audit has uncovered that present practices regularly show new open doors readily grasped by instructors. In any case, by and large, educators are not as vulnerable to rehearses that take steps to have negative impact on their standard schedules, specifically exemplified by shared instructing. We will compose a custom exposition test on Conquering Barriers to Change or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Utilizing educator study, the investigation will decide to what degree such hesitance can disrupt the general flow of the instructing advancement. Presentation Encouraging joint effort is a thought that has picked up unmistakable quality in contemporary instructive foundations. In spite of the fact that from the outset an extremely surprising practice, coordinated effort in instructing has been appeared to convey extraordinary advantages. For teachers themselves, â€Å"collegiality breaks the confinement of the homeroom and brings profession prizes and day by day satisfactions† (Inger, 1993). It additionally enables amateurs and experienced proficient to gain from one another for improved outcomes and calms youthful instructors of the experimentation procedure they are typically inundated in. uniting instructors in a rational exertion, shared training helps encourage participation and neighborliness between educators. Joint effort can likewise go past the degree of a solitary school, stretching out new strategies to different zones. Simultaneously, joint effort isn't constantly good with school culture and practices and character of an individual educator; subsequently come obstructions to community instructing. An educator can be impervious to cooperation when all is said in done, being opposed to any type of joint endeavors in a similar homeroom. Then again, the teacher’s demeanor can grasp coordinated effort among professional and scholarly instructors or those originating from different schools. Along these lines, the examination issue is as per the following: What deterrents do educators frequently look on the way of advancement in their school educational program that includes collective instructing? The examination will be centered around instructor recognitions and mean to discover material in order to validate enhancements in synergistic practices. Writing Review Coordinated effort can happen at any phase of the instructive procedure. Educating can take part in joint readiness of materials for the study hall meetings or participate in group instructing, or â€Å"organizational and instructional game plan in which at least two educators work in the equivalent classroom† (Price et al, 2000-2001). Hence, in a custom curriculum instructors can utilize an assortment of models including the asset room, nomad, and discussion models (Price et al, 2000-2001). During the time spent acknowledging joint effort models, instructors face obstructions that have been arranged by Welch and Sheridan (1995) into four primary gatherings: theoretical hindrances, down to business boundaries, attitudinal boundaries, and expert hindrances. Theoretical boundaries are brought about by contrasts in the meaning of jobs by various teachers, their distinction in the handling of material, approaches and so forth. At the point when educators face difficulties in working out the specific calendar or joining assets for joint exertion, this is portrayed as a sober minded boundary. Attitudinal boundaries are the aftereffect of dread to attempt another methodology. Proficient hindrances emerge when educators can't coordinate on successful strategies for critical thinking, lacking satisfactory abilities of cooperating as a group. Educators can profit by the administration’s exertion to acquaint extra measures so as with diminish the chance of contention among instructors. For this reason, it is important to present solid principles and methodology that will characterize the limits between their jobs and assist them with building up working connections. In the event of group instructing, â€Å"the issue is getting a harmony between enough particularity in recommending jobs with the goal that a bureaucratic guideline book isn't created† (Price et al, 2000-2001). Most analysts accept that contention is unavoidable, and in this way procedures for adapting to it ought to be turned out to be by the organization ahead of time. A ton relies upon the hierarchical culture as school culture can either animate or oppose the endeavors of educators to cooperate. Peterson (2002) recognizes two sorts of culture: agreeable and harmful. Inside harmful societies, people are endeavoring to cooperate for shared objectives. Therefore, educators can arrive at successful coordinated effort more effectively than in different associations. In harmful societies, despite what might be expected, singular exertion is baffled due to the absence of basic system. Moreover, authoritative assets can likewise be an obstruction to advancement that ought to be spoken to in instructing networks. Numerous schools need sufficient projects that can oblige the investment of at least two instructors. There are significantly less assets accessible for drawing in outside experts that can partake in synergistic tasks. This can fill in as a helper for instructors to want the continuation of the schedules as of now present in training. Participation among scholastic and professional educators can be forestalled by the hierarchical structure of the scholarly condition where â€Å"the social and authoritative seclusion of most professional instructors is exacerbated by the physical partition and automatic discontinuity in auxiliary schools† (Inger, 1993). The distinction in their economic wellbeing further adds to the rising dividers between these two gatherings of experts. Since scholarly educators for the most part have a higher status, they will in general minimize their professional associates, a circumstance that debilitates collaboration. Step by step instructions to refer to Overcoming Barriers to Change, Papers

The Principal Areas Of Judgment In Myers Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Myer is a large department stores in Australia. Its parent company is NB Flinders PTY Ltd which is the Australian parent company of the Myer group of companies. There was an economic recession in 2007 until 2009 as a result of subprime crisis. As a consequence of this it had impact on Myer performance as well. Myer group revenue decreased in 2008 and 2009 after Lehman Brother went bankrupt. Although, Myer has experience management team which manage quite well despite there were a decline in sales revenue in 2008 and 2009 ,but there were increase in net profit in 2008 and 2009 . In 2009 net profit rose by 10% from 93 million in 2008. Another evidence of good management is high inventory turnover which contribute to a true profit margin and high account receivable turnover. On the other hand, Myers utilizes high gearing to generate income but Myer has a good potential to pay back interest as interest coverage ratio were above 2 times and operating cash flow were positive in 2008 and 2009. Principal Areas The main principal is the basis of preparation of financial statements , principal of recognition ,revenue recognition, impairment of assets etc .Also, derivative and hedging policies are important as well. These policies are used to recognized revenue profit and loss in Myers financial statement which have an impact on Myers performance. Therefore, it is considered to be the principal areas of judgment. Myer had a good liquidity despite current ratio was just around 0.8 times since 2008 .This was because it had a high numbers of trade and other payable around 495,407 million in 2009 which increased from 489,387 in 2008. However, trade and other payable had no interest obligation which implied that the higher trade and other payable the better it was because Myer will have more cash flow due to less require working capital. Quick ratio also assess the deeper liquidity as it only included cash, market securities and account receivable but no inventory. This was due to inventor y can be a dead stock if inventory can not be sold. According to the quick ratio below 1 was no good. The quick ratio went up from 0.29 times in 2008 to 0.38 times in 2009. Low quick ratio as a result of high current liabilities , especially in trade and other payables. Solvency Debt to Equity measures how much Myer utilized gearing compare to its equity. It tells about the financial status of Myers. Usually the acceptable ratio is around 2 times, however in retail sectors can be allowed to 3-4 times as a result of high credit term from suppliers . In 2009 debt to equity ratio was 5.97 times which decreased from 7.85 times which was around 24 % as a result of higher retain earnings in total equity. Interest coverage is calculated by EBIT/Interest. It tells about the Myers potential to pay interest . The higher the better it is. There was increased in interest coverage ratio in 2009 as interest coverage rose from 1.65 in 2008 to 1.8 in 2009 and This was due to there were an increased in EBIT in 2009 while interest paid remained constant. Asset Utilization The big picture of asset utilization is how effective Myers use asset to generate income. Account Receivable Turnover measures how Myer can manage account receivable .It implies the credit term and cash cycle as the account receivable turnover should be less than account payable turnover ,because the Myer should receive a long credit term from supplier ,while give a shorter credit term to account receivable ,so Myer can have more cash flow as a result of lower working capital. Account receivable fluctuated from 2008 to 2009 . Despite there were a fluctuation but the account receivable turnover were so high .Therefore should not have a significant implication. Although, the average collection period days is the number of days that Myer receive payment from account receivable. There was a worsen in collection period from 4.06 days in 2008 to 5.11 days in 2009.A high account receivable turnover will result in a short collection period days ,where as a low account receivable turn over will result in a longer collection period days. On the other hand, an inventory turnover assess how Myer can manage inventory and sell products. It demonstrates how many times inventory is sold and replaced with new inventory. The higher inventory turn over the better it is for Myer. This is due to 2 main reasons First of all, high inventory contributes to high true profit margin especially in retails sectors such as Myers because most of businesses in retail sector have a small net profit margin while they need to have a large volume of sales. Therefore , the higher inventory turnover multiplied by net profit margin give a true profit margin for Myer. To demonstrate this. In 2009 Myer net profit margin was 3.7 times while an inventory turnover was 7.87 time .Hence, a true profit margin was 7.87 * 3.7 = 29 % not 3.64% as it appeared. Secondly, high inventory turnover enhances Myers cash flow and lower dead stock risks. There are risks associate with stock like dead sto ck when inventory can not be sold due to out of fashion or change in technology or cheaper substitute in the market. Myers inventory turnover remained constant around 8 times as cost of good sold rose more than inventory. Conversely, there was a slight decreased by 6.3% in 2009 as a result of economic recession. But Myer managed Inventory quite well as it was still high at range between 7 and 8% . Fixed Asset Turnover assess how Myer manage property plant and equipments to generate income. It fluctuated from 2008 to 2009. Although, assets turnover decreased as a result of a decline in sales revenue between 2008 and 2009, while property plant and equipments remained constant. As a consequence of this the ratio went down dramatically from 9.83 times in 2008 to 7.53 times in 2009 In addition it is a result of economic recession as well. Total Asset Turnover measures how effective Myer can manage all resources to generate income. Due to total assets consists of property plant a nd equipment as well. So, the ratio were much smaller than fixed asset turnover. However, the total asset turnover were 1.3 to 1.6 times implied that Myer could utilized total asset to generate income quite well. Income Statements Analysis Profitability The company performance is measured by profitability and net earnings. Therefore, the essential profitability ratio that give a big picture of Myer performance are Net Profit Margin, ROE, ROA, and Net Profit. To begin with net profit margin. There was an in increased in net profit margin in 2009 as a result of a rise in net profit by 10% in 2009 ,where as sales went down from 2.9 billion in 2008 to 2.8 billion in 2009 which enhanced net profit margin. Return on Equity assess how much Myer can use investors capital to generate returns. Usually ROE is correlated with net profit , if net profit increase it will enhance a higher ROE . However, a dramatic increased in retain earnings from 149 million in 2008 to 250 million in 2009 which grew up by 68% could have an impact on ROE .Therefore , ROE decreased from 45 % in 2008 to 36 % in 2009. To increase ROE Myer needs to have much net profit growth than retain earnings. Where a ROA assess how effective Myer can utilizes total ass ets to generate net profit. Ordinary ROA is lower than ROW due to assets consists of debt and equity. Despite, ROA was below 10% in 2009 but still acceptable and expect to recover when economic recover in second half of 2009 and beyond. There was an increase in net profit by 10% in 2009 as a result of decreased in cost of good sold in 2009 from 1.7 billion in 2008 to 1.6 billion in 2009. Should Myer be compared to another company? Myer should be compared with companies in the same industry. This is to measure Myers performance to an industry average Who are their main competitors? Myer is a large business , so should be compare with same size rival. This is like a heavy weight boxer. And it is David Jones a large department stores. How many years should trend analysis be done for? Trend analysis should be done not more than 5 years due to it is more accurate and precise. Beyond 5 years is too hard to predict unless the sales reach maturity stage and anticipate to grow at a rate of inflation. Also, marketing and investment plan can change dramatically. However, there are many investments and incidents can happen beyond 5 years. Therefore, it is appropriate to analyze for 5 years. To avoid errors beyond 5 years should assume sales and earnings growth at inflation rate. Short Overall Analysis Provide a short overall analysis for shareholders on whether they should maintain, increase or reduce their investment. Who are Myer? Myer Holdings Limited (MYR) is one of Australias largest department store groups targeting a wide spectrum of consumers. The company has a national network of 65 stores in Australia. Myer retails designer, national, and international fashion and apparel for men, women, and children, and operates a consumer loyalty program. The company focuses on its retail presence and execution, with a mix of house-brand and leased retail space areas. Products/services:Â   Myers offering comprises 600,000 products across 11 core product categories: womenwear, menswear, youth fashion, childrenswear, intimate apparel, beauty, fragrance and cosmetics, homewares, electrical goods, toys, fashion accessories and general merchandise. Myer is looking into further margin expansions and sales growth through specific strategies including opening 15 new stores in the next five years with 12 conditional agreements for lease already signed, rebuilding and refurbishing the Melbourne flagship store, contin uing to grow the MYER one loyalty program and roll-out a new point-of-sale system and introducing new product categories, brands and concepts to improve sales growth and margins. The company also installed a new Point-of-Sale system while it was being restructured under private-equity ownership. Myers growth strategy focuses on four areas: comparable store sales growth, new store expansion, gross margin improvement, and reduction of cost Who are they owned by? NB Flinders Pty Ltd is the Australian parent company of the Myer group of companies. Is there any current discussion on Myer in the media that might give some value to your analysis? Not at the moment. Recommendation From long term investment perspective, recommend to increase investment in Myer as expect Myer performance to recover and to grow in year 2010 and beyond when economic recover. Secondly, despite there was an economic recession in 2008 but Myer ROE and Inventory Turnover still high which are evidenced of Myers good management. Therefore, when economic recover and people purchasing power increase anticipate Myers earnings to boost .As a result of increase earnings Myers intrinsic value will increase and share price should reflect intrinsic value when there is an earnings surprise announcement.

Women and Their Role in The Things They Carried by Tim...

The Things They Carried Women and their Role in The Things They Carried Within the book The Thing’s They Carried, the stories of the male soldiers and their dealings with the Vietnam War. However he also delves into the stories of the women and how they affected the soldiers and their experiences in Vietnam. While the men dealt with the horrors of war, the women were right at their side, just not in as much of a public view as the male soldiers. O’Brien uses women such as Martha, Linda and Kathleen in The Things They Carried to punctuate how vital rememorance and recompense was to him and other soldiers in Vietnam. One of the first women introduced to the reader is Martha. Martha is Lt. Jimmy Crosss love interest, even though she†¦show more content†¦Her purpose in this books to show his reason to write these stories. She shows that he wishes to make the dead immortal within the pages of The Things They Carried. Throughout the story, OBriens belief that storytelling helps heals the wounds caused by the pain and confusion of coping with unexpected death. After Linda dies, O’Brien uses his subconscious and imagination to bring her back to life as he doesn’t want to forget her. He supports this point when he says â€Å"And as a writer now, I want to save Linda’s life. Not her body-her life.† (O’Brien 236) This again shows how the dead can still be alive through literature. He wants to show how she will continue to live on inside of his writings. His experience with Lindas death also explains how he was able to deal with the constant death in Vietnam. Sim ilar to Linda, O’Brien is able to bring Norman Bowker and Kiowa back to the land of the living using the stories. As O’Brien says himself â€Å"We kept the dead alive with stories† ( O’Brien 239) He is showing that their lives and the way they spend them are much more important than them dying, and he will make sure this stays true by keeping writing about them and making sure no one forgets their story.. Ultimately OBriens storytelling is a way that he able to keep his psychology in check. He is able to cope with everything that happens because he believes he is making up for it with this. One of the finale femaleShow MoreRelatedWomen Roles In The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien Essay927 Words   |  4 PagesIn this book there are three major women Linda, Martha, and Mary Anne. Lindas role is positive yet very saddening because she in a way has given Tim OBrien the power to tell stories so in depth using memories. Mary Annes role is encouraging because she comes to Vietnam and throughout the journey she discovers herself; she redefines the typical role of women. Marthas role in this book could be considered positive because she is keeping up Jimmy Crosss morale but, at the same time it could beRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Tim O’Brien is obsessed with telling a true war story. O Brien s fiction about the Vietnam experience suggest, lies not in realistic depictions or definitive accounts. As O’Brien argues, absolute occurrence is irrelevant because a true war story does not depend upon that kind of tru th. Mary Ann’s induction into genuine experience is clearly destructive as well as empowering† (p.12) Tim O’s text, The Things they Carried, details his uses of word choice to portray his tone and bias. Tim O’Brien usesRead MoreAn Analysis Of Tim O Brien s Things They Carried1183 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant role in our society. However, the process that the story is told differs based on its form. For example is it a poem (which has a specific form and style) or is it a prose (written/spoken language without any metrical structure)? Although poetry and prose greatly differs from each other, there are many similarities between them. Prose is defined to be in an ordinary form, but prose can share some poetic qualities such as literary devices, imagery, and theme, and many more. Tim O’Brien’sRead MoreThe Role Of Women In The Things They Carried1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien is a collection of mul tiple short stories about Tim O’Brien’s, recollections of his time as a soldier in the Vietnam War. This novel depicts the experiences and effects of the Vietnam war on the lives of the American soldiers. O’Brien informs the readers that the stories may not be completely true or moral but that’s the point of a true war story. In the novel, O’Brien introduces characters by the items they carried. The thoughts of women or items women hadRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1579 Words   |  7 Pageslasting of the numerous burdens placed upon them. When soldiers knowingly carry these burdens into a war zone, it is so a majority of people can live life free from violence and destruction. Strong underlying metaphor is prevalent in Tim O’Brien’s Novel The Things They Carried. Metaphor is used throughout the text of the book to create a sense of understanding or to convey a different meaning than the text originally suggests. Thi s allows the reader to more fully relate to the soldier’s experiences onRead MoreEssay on The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien1253 Words   |  6 Pages The Things They Carried, written by Tim O’Brein, is a story told through the eyes of members of a United States Army troop trudging their way through the Vietnamese country side and jungles during the Vietnam War. Each man has a specific job and so they carry specific belongings that they need to fulfill that job as well as a few mementos from home. These men also carry unseen baggage that is all too real to these men, their families and responsibilities back home preying on their minds, the horrorsRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: â€Å"By and large they carried these things inside, maintaining the masks of composure† (21). In Tim O’brien’s The Things They Carried, the American soldiers of the Vietnam War carry much more than the weight of their equipment, much more than souvenirs or good-luck charms or letters from home. They carried within themselves the intransitive burdens—of fear, of cowardice, of love, of loneliness, of anger, of confusion. Most of all, they carry the truth of what happened to them in the war—aRead MoreThe Things They Carried’ by Tim O’Brien Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pages‘The Things They Carried’ by Tim O’Brien provides a insider’s view of war and its distractions, both externally in dealing with combat and internally dealing with the reality of war and its effect on each solder. The story, while set in Vietnam, is as relevant today with the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan as it was in the 1960’s and 1970’s in Southeast Asia. With over one million soldiers having completed anywhere from one to three tours in combat in the last 10 years, the real conflict mightRead MoreThe Things They Carreid by Tim OBrien Essay2102 Words   |  9 Pageswar, decided to take up the task and make an historic account of one of them most grueling wars ever fought. Tim O’Brien is a Vietnam veteran who wrote the novel The Things They Carried. There is a fine line to be walked when writing the accounts of the war in a way that not only informs but also entertains; however, Tim O’Brien walks it successfully. In Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, his use of symbolism and Metafiction helps portray the events that befall the soldiers fighting in VietnamRead MoreRoleof Women in the Things They Carried2644 Words   |  11 Pagesto hold women responsible for their own weaknesses and intolerance. The apathy of anti-feminist and conservative movements showcases the reali ty of the Stockholm syndrome and medieval serfdom. Men have been the captors and the masters of the women for time in antiquity, but we still see empathy in women. Henry Kissinger could not have summarized it any better when he said, â€Å"Nobody will ever win the Battle of the Sexes. There is too much fraternizing with the enemy.† Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried

Indigenous Economic Development Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Indigenous Economic Development Strategy. Answer: Introduction: The indigenous people in Australia are facing various social and economic challenges such as the unemployment rates that are much higher compared to the non-indigenous people. The article also notes that the income rates and the business ownership of the indigenous people are considerably low that has been attributed to the lack of education and vocational training as well as the lack of enough business knowledge. Furthermore, a larger population of the indigenous people is living in the regional and remote areas where the prospects for employment are few and the available opportunities are the small businesses and the public sector that has also been decreasing. The tourism department has been identified by many state governments to be the suitable sector to offer development opportunities to the indigenous people including entrepreneurship and employment opportunities in the regional and rural areas (Schmiechen Boyle, 2007). To be able to assist the development of the indigenous people, Australia has been formulating and implementing various agencies that are mandated to support, encourage and represent the development of the indigenous tourism such as the Business Ready Program for Indigenous Tourism (BRPIT) mentoring program. The BRPIT was developed to allow the selected tourism businesses to become ready by providing them with a capacity building for their operators. The capacity building is acknowledged is Australia as a significant strategy that helps the indigenous people to come out their disadvantaged positions as well as reducing their welfare dependency (NSW Ombudsman, 2011). In the history of Australia, the successive governments have been introducing many programs aiming to facilitate the development of indigenous businesses. However, most of the initiatives by the governments have failed to meet their objectives probably because of the economic factors and the neglect of the socio-political and the environmental aspects that saw the commoditization of the indigenous arts and culture (Commonwealth of Australia, 2010). Many analysts have argued that these programs dwelled more on the development of the indigenous enterprises and never considered any indigenous business reviews. Because the pioneer policies and programs failed to make significant improvements, BRPIT aimed at providing flexible and customized support to improve the capacity of the emerging indigenous tourism businesses as well as those that were already established. More specifically the BRPIT was formed to address the potential barriers hindering the successful development of the indigeno us tourism business including the lack of effective management skills and business planning and marketing expertise (Pink Allbon, 2008). The BRPIT can be considered a successful program that facilitated the development of the indigenous tourism services and their businesses. Also, aside from its success in meeting its objectives, there are insights that should the BRPIT be taken through a few improvements, it could bore many benefits for to the aboriginal businesses and consequently, indirect benefits to the aboriginal communities and the Australian tourism industry. Also, there are insights that the support of the government is highly significant in creating employment for the indigenous. Also to note is that the timely capacity building programs are critical for the provision of professional advice and mentoring through all stages of the development. It is also important that the aboriginals are involved in the development programs to facilitate tailoring of these programs to meet their needs. References Commonwealth of Australia (2010). Indigenous Economic Development StrategyDraft for Consultation. https://resources.fahcsia.gov.au/IEDS/ieds_strategy_v4.pdf NSW Ombudsman (2011). Addressing Aboriginal disadvantage: The need to do things differently, A Special Report to Parliament under s 31 of the Ombudsman Act 1974.Syd-ney: NSW Ombudsman. Pink, B., Allbon, P. (2008). The health and welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008.Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Schmiechen, J., Boyle, A. (2007). Aboriginal tourism research in Australia.

Ship of Theseus and Personal Identity

The Ship of Theseus will always be the same. This is due to some reasons. Correlation between identity and change in the world of idealistic field of metaphysics might appear easy but there are some complexities. Whenever an object transforms, it always changes in a certain way.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ship of Theseus and Personal Identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, a child develops to something different implying that it transforms in terms of size and age. For reptiles such as snakes, they shed their skins. Both the child and the snake remain the same in one way or another. Therefore, properties of an object determine its shape. For illustrative purposes, an item A changes with regard to property B. This could only take place when an object A has property B but at later stage B does not have A. Regarding the Ship of Theseus, the ship changed a lot but it remained the same in terms of its properties. It is the same thing with human life. People change from childhood to mid-adulthood and further to old age. An individual remains the same irrespective of whether he or she is at childhood, mid-adulthood or old age. The Ship of Theseus could have changed in size and shape but it still had some characteristics that distinguished it from other ships. What happened to the ship was mere refurbishment. The ship could have changed completely if the owner decided to destroy it and use the materials to construct something different that does not look like a ship. The concept of recreation vs. destruction is applied explaining this case. The ship cannot be any different because it has all parts that the previous ship had. In case the changes are taken seriously, things would be different whenever we view them for the second time. This would mean that any slight change in properties of an object would affect its existence. Therefore, it is true that properties should be expla ined in terms of time. Indeed, they are indexed to time. A property is temporarily indexed meaning that it is subject to change. According to Leibniz, the ship is the same at all times (Browne 182). This is because ship A has properties that would be found in ship B. On the other hand, ship B has properties that could have been found in ship A. In this case, the common property is the mast. Ships A and B have indexes that are temporary. Irrespective of philosophical theories applied, the Ship of Theseus would always remain the same. Endurantist theory holds that an object will always be the same throughout its history. At each moment in history, the object exists with all its properties. Perdurantist theory on the other hand would claim that objects are four-dimensional entities, which comprises of a sequence of temporal parts (Graves 445). An object is likened to a movie.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OF F Learn More If someone recollected all boards that had been discarded and reassembled them by adding the original sail and mast then the person would still have the Ship of Theseus. Even the ship that had been sailing continuously is still the Ship of Theseus. The real meaning of the word ‘same’ depends on the context. For illustration, the original ship will be assigned letter X, the ship that had been sailing continuously would be labeled as Y while the assembled ship will be branded letter Z. In case the original ship was to be demanded by the original owner because of one reason or another, ship Z would be given to him or her. It would be illegal to give the owner ship Y. It is therefore true to argue that ships X, Y and Z are the same. Ship Y belongs to a different owner because the first owner did not take part in producing it. Materials used in making the second ship that is, Y, have the same features as those used in making both X and Z. Part or whole of Z is the same as X. In fact, the materials used to construct Z are the same as those used in manufacturing X. This does not mean that Y is different. For further illustration, materials used in making ship Y might be changed but the crew remains the same. The crew might as well be transferred to work in ships X and Z. The issue of ‘sameness’ is a matter of convention. There are some factors that people consider before declaring something to be the same with another. Two things might be declared the same based on one principle. For the Ship of Theseus, X was the same as Y because materials used in constructing them had the same characteristics. Equally, Y could be said to be the same as Z in terms of properties. Conversely, X and Z are said to be the same because materials from X were used in manufacturing Z. The three ships are also the same because the same crew can operate them. In conclusion, the problem of personal identity is related to change. An elderly person in his or her late 80s was the same person when he or she was in his or her early 20s. Works Cited Browne, Ray. Objects of Special Devotion: Fetishism in Popular Culture. New York, NY: Popular Press, 1982. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ship of Theseus and Personal Identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Graves, Robert. The Golden Fleece. London: Hutchinson, 1983. Print. This essay on Ship of Theseus and Personal Identity was written and submitted by user MarcusVanSciver to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Kenilworth Castle Essay Example

Kenilworth Castle Essay Example Kenilworth Castle Paper Kenilworth Castle Paper From the beginning of the 11th Century Kenilworth had just a lone watchtower atop the rocky knoll where the Stone Keep sits today. In this chapter I will describe the changes made to Kenilworth Castle over time, what, why and how affected these changes and who influenced their construction. In 1120 the first major building work took place at Kenilworth, a Motte and Bailey castle was built on the rocky, gravely hill in the place of the old Watchtower, fifty two years after a Motte and Bailey structure had appeared down the road at Warwick. The first tenant of Kenilworth Castle was Geoffrey De Clinton, after being granted the royal manor of Stoneleigh, he needed to defend himself against his neighbours the earls of Warwick. Between 1174-84 a heated political feud between Henry II and his son boiled over, resulting in Kenilworth Castle and others being provisioned and garrisoned by Henry. At this time the castle was rebuilt in stone, in Kenilworths case red sandstone, a material easily come across in the area. Built with thick walls, latest state of the art defences such as Slit windows, parapets, a secure water supply and a single spiral staircase leading up the keep. The whole structure was crafted upon a sandstone plinth, heightening the keep further. The keep was an oblong shape building with square towers. It was designed this way to spread the Keeps weight; the idea was that attackers couldnt mine the wall down. Within the walls were also a chapel, stables, kitchen and hall, making the castle self-sufficient. Henrys motive for this mammoth renovation of the castle was to arm the castle in case of further rebellions and uprisings in the area. Circa 1190-99 Richard I granted Kenilworth Castle the right to hold jousting tournaments, a permanent tiltyard was constructed near the castle gatehouse. At this time, jousting and imitation warfare were popular attractions. Around 1210-15, King John further extended the castle; an additional perimeter wall was added along with towers to protect strategic points in the defence. The original ditch was filled in and replaced with a larger outer one. A small river was dammed nearby in order to flood the new ditch to create a mere, a kilometre long and wide, surrounding the castle. This was done to add defensibility to the castle and later on in the castle history, used for recreational use, such as sailing. In 1253 the De Momforts held out in the Castle for 9 months as the crown laid siege to the castle when the family turned against the King in the baronial war. 1389-94 was a period of stability. After the signing of the Magna Carta and the death of King John but Kenilworths towers suggest readiness in case if civil unrest. At this point John Of Gaunt owned the castle and aims to increase the castles prestige and opulence. Kenilworth now started to become a grand residence, as John Of Gaunt demonstrates his wealth by building the Great Hall an impressive ornamental room, built for meetings, banquets and administration. The hall was built in the latest style and contained many luxurious features new to the time. The building was equipped with kitchens, chambers and a chapel. John Of Gaunt also built three new towers all with symmetrical roof patterns to match the Great Hall. These three towers The Strong, Saint Lowe and Gaunts Tower were built to cater nobles residing at the Castle, rather as defensive features. All these new features were to show his power and wealth, and to bring nobles to his residence.

Areas of Heightened Audit Risk Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Areas of Heightened Audit Risk - Assignment Example In itself, this reduction of trade payables by  £7,352,000 seems material and as such, an area of heightened audit risk. This understatement could be associated with either a complete omission of some liabilities from the financial statements and/or recorded at a lower amount. This act would portray that Havelock Europa Company as healthier and less risky since the omission of some expenses that are not yet paid lowers the debt and leads to an overstatement of incomes. From the financial statements of the Havelock Europa Company, the understatement could have been caused by the omission of contingent liability because, according to its policy, it considers contingent liabilities only when it becomes probable that it will have to make payments under the guarantee (Havelock Europa Plc., 2013, p. 93). The next probable cause for this fall could be the omission of unearned revenues that arise from prepayments from customers for services and goods not provided. Finally, the understatement could be as a result of Havelock Europa Company’s fraudulent financial reporting scheme. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (2014) states that related party transactions, including those between a company and its executives, is a critical area as it has historically been characterised by increased risk of material misstatement. Therefore, this report also considers the transactions between Havelock Europa Company and its executives and related parties risky. These transactions are prone to manipulations and are used to understate liabilities or overstate assets. This report is concerned with the decrease in the amount from transactions with the management and group companies to  £877,000 in 2013 from  £914,000 in 2012 and  £1,377,000 in 2013 from  £2,045,000 in 2012 respectively (Havelock Europa Plc, 2013, p. 94). As noted by Colby (2010), these related party transactions could be improper and arise due to sale and purchase transactions between undisclosed affiliates.  Ã‚  

Joseph Mallord William Turner i Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Joseph Mallord William Turner i - Research Paper Example Turner’s drawings were topographical in character, and his technique was traditional to imitate the best English masters who existed at that time (Townsend & Turner, 1996). He started working for various magazines in 1794 and got a job to make elaborations of many unfinished drawings that had been started by John Robert Cozen, who was a landscape painter (Shane & Turner, 2004). The magazines he was working for at this time were the Pocket magazine and the Copperplate Magazine that were popular and the England citizens. It was through the influence of the deceased landscape writer, Cozen and Richard Wilson from Wales that Turner was able to become more imaginative and poetic in his landscapes (Turner & Bockemuhl, 2005). At the Royal Academy, he went through various exhibitions for his watercolors and oil painting. The greatest of all watercolors that Turner made was the Fishermen at sea back in 1796. It had a moonlight scene and earned a lot of acknowledgement from critics as an original critical mind. At the age of 24, elections took place and he became an associate of the Royal Academy and later upgraded to become an academician three years later (Ackroyd & Turner, 2006). In 1800, Turner started a small studio in London and four years later opened a private gallery. In addition, he made trips in search of inspiration visiting various countries such as Wales and Scotland among others. He made more than five hundred drawings during his tour in Switzerland and France and studied the old Masters that is found in Louvre. In 180, Turner started his enterprise whose focus was publishing plates that referred to as Lober Sturdiorum (Turner & Bockemuhl. 2005). His main aim was to have full documentation of great variety and range of watercolors and landscapes. He had a few engravers on board though he did most of the work in supervision

Critical Assessment of a Book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Assessment of a Book - Essay Example Her greatest asset was a keen and observant biological eye which she made use of whenever she worked. Carson’s book ‘Silent Spring’ shot her to fame when it featured at the top of the bestseller lists. She was greatly encouraged by her mother to explore the natural world around her in which Rachel found immense solace. Her books were quite appealing due to their simplicity, style, lyrical value and thoroughness for which she was widely reviewed and honored. She adopted a visionary approach which was quite novel to the mainstream scientific community. Through her writing Rachel Carson handed down to us a legacy of scientific knowledge. She died on April 14th, 1964 at Silverspring, Maryland, USA. Part 2 Outline Structure of the Book   The book Silent Spring, written by Rachel Carson, was first published in the year 1962 and became an instant best seller. Silent Spring was written as a serial article for the magazine, The New Yorker but later was published as a boo k. Carson’s reputation as a writer and scientist helped in establishing the credibility of the book. This book had an enduring and enormous impact on the world. This book was not written for a narrow scientific audience but for the layman and it has been credited with kick starting a debate on the limits of technology, responsibility of science and the use of pesticides. She was of the view that "The best and cheapest controls for vegetation are not chemicals but other plants."  (pg.75) Carson meticulously described the process whereby the entire world food supply chain was contaminated by DDT. DDT entered the food chain and got accumulated in the fatty tissues of man and animal. A single application of the chemical on crops killed not only the targeted insects but also the other organisms present for weeks and months. These chemicals remained toxic even after dilution with rain water thereby causing irrevocable harm to animals and birds. "Carrots absorb more insecticide th an any other crop studied;...In the future it may become necessary to analyze soils for insecticides before planting certain food crops. Otherwise even unsprayed crops may take up enough insecticide merely from the soil to render them unfit for market."  (pg.59) The author implicitly states that these chemicals in the environment caused cancer. The scientist-author meticulously gathered evidence to show the adverse effect caused by the indiscriminate application of mineral based agricultural pesticides and synthetic phosphates and chlorinated hydrocarbons. She argued that not only was the environment being degraded but the very fabric of American natural beauty was being laid threadbare. The indiscriminate use of the chemicals resulted in the development of resistant strains. When they reached high levels of concentration in the water bodies it led to the death of aquatic flora and fauna. â€Å"It is not possible to add pesticides to water anywhere without threatening the purity of water everywhere. Seldom if ever, does nature operate in closed and separate compartments, and she has not done so in distributing the earth’s water supply.†(pg. 42) The efforts of Carson were rewarded when the Government of the United States of America regulated the use of pesticides by enacting the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1972. Silent Spring is a book which still holds currency for the debate it still

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essays -- Essays Papers

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight As with so many stories written in the Middle Ages Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is filled with wonders, magic and knightly pursuit of fame and nobility. It combines folklore and romance as does, according to The Norton Anthology, no other known work. The character of the Green Knight fascinates and amuses. Most people would not think of it as an Arthurian-time creature. The Green Man in fact, is a part of an ancient folklore where the beheading of a green man would assure the return of spring next year. The passage that I am discussing takes place almost a year after the Green Knight has visited King Arthur's court to challenge the court. He has specifically challenged Sir Gawain who steps forward to accept the challenge. The passage starts with the appearance of a castle. This is very significant to the story, and this fact is communicated to the reader in the description of the castle and even by the initial fact that it appears so suddenly and so very conveniently after Sir Gawain's prayer. Sir Gawain has been suffering, trying to find the Green Knight. The Green Knight has set a date on which they will meet, and Sir Gawain, as is the custom for knights, has to keep his promise that he will fight him. Furthermore, Sir Gawain is the best of King Arthur's knights and his five-pointed star symbol on his shield stands for truth so there is no way he will not keep his promise. We are made aware of the importance of the castle first when it just suddenly appears from nowhere and secondly when we notice it is set in a green field. The green field makes no sense to the reader because it is the middle of winter, but it does signify the fact that the appearance of the castle is not acci... ...ain is not aware of. Sir Gawain is just grateful that he has found this castle (or that he has been led there) and that he will have a place where he can spend Christmas day. He does not see all the symbols that make this castle special. From all the clues that the author gives us, we know that the castle is crucial for the story as well as for Gawain's life. He is not aware of it, but the castle is the place where he is tested, and ultimately his future is decided there. It is very typical of this kind of story to include such symbols, like the castle, to convey to the reader that whatever happens there should be remembered because it is important part of the story. References: 1. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In The Norton Anthology of Literature. Ed. M.H.Abrams, et al. Vol I. Sixth Edition. New York: W.W.Norton & Company, 1993, pp 200- 254.

Compare and Contrast of Agriculture Technology Between hang Dynasty and Han Dynasty Essay

For the past five thousand years, human civilizations have existed on the earth and constantly reforming and contributing to our society. The excellences human made are unprecedented, and the experience theses civilizations cumulated can also be continuously studied by the people nowadays. This year, we learnt many great civilizations, among the civilizations in ancient China, the Shang dynasty and the Han dynasty are the most outstanding civilizations. Their cultures are distinct and their contributions are tremendous. Although now we can find their stories, cultures and inventions only on history books, their contributions and achievements are still having deep affection to us. Agriculture is a very significant part of a civilization. Without agriculture, making progress is impossible. Agriculture is the foundation of everything. Agriculture is a good reflection of science and technology in a civilization. During the comparing and contrasting of the agriculture of Shang dynasty and Han dynasty, we can get a deeper understanding of the great knowledge and intelligent of the people of the two dynasties. We can also discover the development and progress they have made. The Shang dynasty is the second dynasty in Chinese history. The Shang Dynasty last from 1600 B. C. to 1046 B. C. and experienced three big stages. The Han dynasty can be divided into two historical period which are western Han dynasty (202 B. C. to 9 A. D. ) and eastern Han dynasty (25A. D. to 220 A. D. ) Both Shang dynasty and Han dynasty are important civilization in Chinese history. Also, both dynasties made big breakthrough in agriculture. From the research of a large number of archaeological material and oracle records, archaeologists concluded that the Shang dynasty is operating mostly on agriculture. Although at that time, the handicraft industry has been developed, agriculture is still the ifeline of the economy during Shang dynasty. Basically, the main type of agriculture during Shang dynasty was glebe farming, and in the southward of Shang dynasty, which is the Yangtze River area, the popular agriculture type was paddy fields farming. A very important reason that stimulates the development of agricultural technology during the Shang dynasty is the development of bronze industry. During Shang dynasty, the bronze industry developed very quickly. Especially in the late Shang dynasty, the development of bronze industry came into its own stage. The appearance of bronze tools made the agricultural technology developed quickly. The question that most people will concern is that how did people in Shang dynasty make bronze tools? It is true that it was a very hard process for people in the Shang dynasty to make bronze tools. So, at the beginning, the amounts of bronze tools are very limited. People in the Shang dynasty usually use carpentry tools including knife, adz, and axes to make bronze tools. In the middle Shang period, craftsmen can already made variety kinds of bronze tools like shovels, Jues, adz. However, at that time, there were no enough sources of cooper metal compared with sources of stone tools; also, the process of making bronze tools is complicated. As the result, in the middle period of Shang dynasty, bronze tools were not widely used. Also, most of the bronze tools were under the control of agricultural officers. Civilians and slaves cannot have these bronze tools. They can only use the heavy farm tools like stone spade, axes. Then, at the late period of the Shang dynasty, this problem got solved because of the expansion of the production scale. At the same time, the appearance of irrigation technology and the strict management also helped to make the development of the agriculture in the Shang dynasty. As the main production department during the Shang dynasty, the developed agricultural technology provided the society with lots of food, in this way, a large number of people leave the career of agricultural production and began to work in other aspects for example business people, officers, soldiers, professional producers and so on. The government of Han dynasty put lots of effort on the restore and development of agricultural. Han dynasty began after the perish of Qin dynasty. At the beginning of the Han dynasty, because of the long period of wars occur during the late period of the Qin dynasty, the agricultural and economy paralyzed. The people died in the wars are mostly farmers, as a result, the labor decrease and there‘s not enough people to take care of the cropland. At that time, the total population went straight down from 20 million to 8 million. Emperor Gaozu of Han solved these problems and agriculture of Han dynasty restored and developed very quickly. There were lots of innovations and invention of agriculture during the Han dynasty. These achievements can be divided into three aspects. Firstly, there are huge developments towards the irrigation. Secondly, there are improvements of agricultural tools and technology. The third one is the cultivation of crops and vegetables. At the beginning of the Han dynasty, there are flood from upstream the Yellow River every year. It is a big hazard to the residents who lived in the downstream of the Yellow River. Their croplands got destroyed and some of them lost their houses. Emperor Wudi of Han lead his people solved this problem. Thirty thousand people work together to remove the siltation of the river and planted trees on the upstream of the river. After this recuperation, there was no big flood occurred in the Yellow River. There are lots of interesting and useful inventions during the Han dynasty. Above is agriculture equipment called Libi. Libi is a plow equipped with a double moldboard. People put Libi on a plough can turns up the soil on each side of the furrow. With the Libi, the efficiency of cultivation increase. The application of Libi is a big improvement in agriculture. Also, it is nearly 1000 years earlier than Europe of using the similar thing. Above is another invention which is called Lou. It is an animal- drawn seed plough. It has three feed. With Lou, people can do cultivation job three rows at a time. Lou can do three tasks: opening ditches, sowing, covering with soil at one time. Lou made farmers during the Han dynasty save much times and did more works. Lou increased the efficiency of the busy working farmers. The popularization of cultivation works with cattle would be another development on agriculture during the Han Dynasty. At that time, the most popular ways of cultivation are two people with three cattle and one people with two cattle. The ways that cultivation using cattle made people worked easily. The third achievement that we mentioned above is the cultivation crops and vegetables. Firstly, people made the cultivation of crops regionalized. In the northern area, people grew wheat, and In the Yangtze River area and Southern area, people grew rice. Also then the scales of the cultivation get larger. Another impressive improvement on agriculture is the cultivation of vegetables. During the Han dynasty, people already has variety chooses of vegetables including the vegetables we usually eat now like celeries, carrot, taro, green onion, garlic and so on. The most amazing thing is that during Han dynasty, people already learnt to grow vegetables in the greenhouse. During the eastern Han period, there were over 20 kinds of vegetables grew in the greenhouse. The use of greenhouse is one thousand years earlier than Europe. The biggest difference of agriculture between Shang Dynasty and Han Dynasty is the mode of production. Shang dynasty is a slavery society, slaves worked collectively. Also, During Shang dynasty, the croplands were all belonged to the emperor of Shang, and he put the land law of serf society into practice. As the image show above, at that time, the roads and channel crisscross and partitioned the cropland into squares. The emperor of Shang forced people work on the cropland. The outside parts are private fields and the inside part is public field. On the opposite, during the Han dynasty, people live and cultivation in the unit of a family. People have their own croplands. This kind of mode of production was usually described as small-scale farming by individual owners. Nowadays, in the remote mountain area or countryside, people are still using this kind of mode of production. A question may come out, why the first kind of production mode didn’t last long and in the contrary the second kind of production mode last till today. In my opinion, in the Shang dynasty’s example, people don’t have their own croplands. They work hard but the wheat and rice that come out of the croplands did not belongs to them, so they are not satisfy with the works they are doing. In contrast, with the second kind of mode of production, people are glad because if they put more effort, they will get more payback, so they are satisfy with their works and willing to do better. From the analyzing of the agriculture technology and development of Shang dynasty and Han dynasty, we can certainly conclude that the development in agriculture of both dynasties are significant and they both show their incredible intelligence to us. Their inventions and new ideas gave us inspirations. We can also see the huge improvement from Shang dynasty to Han dynasty in the 800 years. Their progresses are starling.

Detecting Deception in Nonverbal Communication Essay

Using nonverbal communication during deception can be seen through body language like hand gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact. Research remains inconclusive as to whether or not one can restrain facial expressions to deceive. The results derived from micro momentary coding revealed that facial actions can be reduced, but not eliminated, and that instructions to suppress on element of the expression resulted in reduction in all facial movement, regardless of veracity. (Hurley, Frank, 2011, p. 1). Detecting Deception In Nonverbal Communication Through The Observation of Hand Gestures, Facial Expressions, and Eye Contact Nonverbal communication is a constantly used form of communication for†¦show more content†¦The third reason is because we read the wrong cues. What Schweitzer means by this is that by listening to common thinking about body language is most of the time wrong, and can lead to wrong conclusions in deception situations. Facial Expressions Suppressing facial expressions seems to the most difficult thing to control during deception because it is so closely tied with our emotions. We display emotions on our faces when we feel them. The question is, how does one control their face to not betray oneself? It would seem the simple answer to this question would be commonly suggested solutions such as just acting natural, or looking relaxed. A problem occurs when using this approach called Ironic Process Theory, from now on referred to as IPT (IPT; Wegner 1994, quoted in Hurley, Frank 2011 p. 122). IPT says that when someone is actively trying to suppress an emotion or behavior, they inadvertently display the emotion or behavior because all they are thinking about is trying to suppress it. It would seem that the greater the effort the person puts in to maintaining a facade of innocence while making up a story, the harder it becomes to control what ones face might show (e.g., Porter and Ten Brinke 2008). In t his study we specifically instructed participants to suppress upper face activity, manifested through eyebrow raising actions that mimic the expression of fear, and lower face activity, manifested through smiling. This is the first study toShow MoreRelatedNonverbal Indicators of Deception: Verbal and Nonverbal Cues in Advertising1165 Words   |  5 Pageshow well we encode and decode messages that are both written and spoken. This is because people tend to range in a variety of highs and lows with regard to their verbal language abilities. This would a lot for differences in nonverbal communication as well. Nonverbal communication refers to the exchange of information between people and an explanation or establishment of the meaning of information by any means other than the use of spoken or written words. 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